After a skirmish with Maarten Tromps Dutch fleet in the Channel, the Spaniards took refuge in the Downs. The ramifications were serious for the ruling caste, which reacted by seeking to limit personal freedoms. His reasoning was that all Indians must enjoy the same standard of justice as Britons, failing which their affection and allegiance could not be expected. at Otford, wherein actions not above forty shillings But insults were not enough. On their release, the Kent five were banqueted in London, and hailed as heroes back in Maidstone. of king Richard III. The record did not last long: the following September, another Meteor Mk.4 flown between Littlehampton and Worthing by Group Captain Edward Donaldson raised it to 616 mph. Usborne, unable to gain control, crashed into Strood station goods yard. [4], While Edmund was in Wessex raising a new army Cnut renewed the siege of London, but was again unsuccessful. the mansion itself, but vast heaps of rubbish and foundations, which cover near an acre of ground. US President Franklin struck medals, and sent donatives for the rescuers families. He realised too late that the ship, the Swedish oil tanker Divina, was steaming straight at him. It was however more complex than it at first appeared. Incredibly, the Cathedral survived. death of king Charles I. in 1648. In addition to car bombs targeting commercial enterprises like shops and bars, it had a paramilitary component, specifically targeting the British Army and Police. (fn. The flashpoint was her decision to marry the Catholic King of Spain, Philip II, prompting a conspiracy by Sir Thomas Wyatt the Younger, Sir Peter Carew, Sir James Croft, and Lady Janes father, the Duke of Suffolk. That historic event prompted the London-based American Birt Acres to create his own movies during the summer and autumn. He overreached himself, however, and was killed at Smithfield. Bostock, of East Grinsted, in Sussex. Work did once start at the Kentish end, but it was just a gesture. On December 24th, three farm-workers were hanged together: Henry and William Packman, and John Field, a.k.a. The idea met with opposition from pacifists, but was championed by its first director general, Rochester-born Sir Martin Conway. In the great chancel, on the north Dover and Canterbury fell without a fight. The next morning, Tromp attacked with fire-ships as the enemy tried to break out. The carriage toppled over, and the hop-pickers were pitched into the foaming waters. As if the 1929 Gillingham Park fire disaster had not been enough, the town suffered another such calamity in 1951. The liberty of the duchy of Lancaster claims over a The rebels were met halfway by Audley, who took over command. For the town of this name in Australia, see Otford, New South Wales. It caused quite a stir thereabouts. Luckily, his son Edmund Ironside was made of sterner stuff. Soon afterwards there is evidence that the powerful King Offa of Mercia was having an unprecedented say in Kents internal affairs. Reformation theologians generally went along with Catholicism on this; but a major challenge was presented by the Freewillers. Simon Islip, sufficient for his accommodation, he with The ship rebuilt in 1660 and renamed Royal Sovereign fought in major battles both against and alongside the Dutch, but was destroyed by fire at Chatham in 1696. The fire was blamed on cinders drifting across from blazing cottages nearby. A French warship exploded with the loss of 200 lives, while Admiral Hendriksz Dutch flagship foundered. The source was identified as the spring at Farleigh supplying parts of Maidstone with water, which had probably been polluted by hop-pickers down from London. The emphasis was not to be simply on displaying exhibits, but dramatising stories of courage and hardship. The Germans waved a white flag before firing again, but surrendered properly when one was hit in the foot. [4] The battle was a victory for Edmund,[2] who lost enough men that he returned to Wessex to raise another army. After decades of low wages and high taxes, the spread of threshing machines was the last straw for farmworkers. It remained there for four years, but was then taken to South Kensington. Their growing strength provoked a Catholic backlash, culminating in 1572 with the St Bartholomews Day Massacre. Not until 1948 was he suspected, when codebreakers got access to his likely identity; yet still he hung on. called in Saxon, OTTANFORD, in the book of Domesday, OTEFORT, and in the Textus Roffensis, OTTEFORD; for it is observable, that the syllable an, when Afterwards, however, he made a tragic error at Aylesford in accepting Eadric the Acquisitive back into the Saxon fold. In 1256, the Bishop persuaded Pope Alexander IV to canonise William, and a shrine was built. The Kentish rebellion of Spring 1648 went further than football. of which was worth fourteen pounds per annum beyond that sum. A bucket was lowered and immediately raised along with three men who had climbed the shaft walls to reach it. The ship was literally blown to pieces. 150 workmen built the frame using 6,000 trees, mostly oak, at a cost equating to around 9 million. King John died four days later, but de Burgh continued to resist on behalf of child king Henry III. They were in fact overtly political, and included the dissolution of Parliament and peace with France. By the middle of the C9, the threat from the East presented by red-bearded men in longboats was serious, and incessant. 1755; he married Martha, daughter of In return he agreed, unbelievably, to convert to Catholicism, and join the French in waging war on Britains allies, the Dutch. Some diehards held out in Essex, but it was curtains for King Charles: he was beheaded in January. Field, which most probably was the spot on which the In its crudest version, the invaders were chased out of Kent by a mob bearing staves. It was late owing to a pea-souper, and at 6.20 pm was waiting at a red light near St Johns, only five miles out. Certainly it disturbed the Earthquake Synod in Blackfriars, where the Archbishop of Canterbury construed it as a portent endorsing the persecution of supposed heretics. of them to Sir Thomas Smith. Ships were torn from their anchorages and tossed around like toys, crashing into each other with calamitous effect, and no hope of rescue. side of the altar for Robert Polhill, gent. The peculiar circumstances revolve around John Nichols Tom, alias Sir William Courtney. The archbishops of Canterbury had, from the earliest accounts, a HOUSE Or PALACE here, in which they A classic case concerns the battle at Ebbsfleet (Wippedesfleot), the Thanet village that shares its name with Gravesends railway station. The defendant was later granted clemency and transported; but the incident helps explain why the Indian National Congress, founded in 1885 by Kent-born Allan Hume, was initially unpopular, and Russell Street survives. between the village and the river Darent, have immemorially been called by, it should seem that he is The curate of this church, in 1719, had a stipend Before being packed off to a detention camp, the Germans were taken to The Sportsman for a beer or two. Clearing the debris was a major task. Its founder was Eadbald, King of Kent, and son of King Aethelberht I and Queen Bertha. most beautifully executed; and a memorial for Charles Polhill, The The King mounted a major siege that the Contrariants opted not to interfere with. After the fall of France early in WW2, the only logical next step for Hitler was the conquest of Germanys last remaining enemy, Great Britain. Oakwood Hospital fire: Barming Asylum now Oakwood Hospital. The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent: Volume 3. Arriving at Bordeaux for a scheduled stop, it encountered a queue, and was further delayed by an RAF transport with mechanical problems. The local military were summoned, with others sailing over from Tilbury, and three different fire services arrived. There was, however, one incredible good-luck story. The battle was a victory for the English, who nevertheless lost a large number of men. 1070; who, when he divided the manors and possessions belonging to his church, (fn. His plan was simple: to take off from Swingate aerodrome, less than a mile from where Blriot had landed, fly to Sangatte, turn round, and come back to his start point. There is one word to say to anyone who demands that the wreck of SS Richard Montgomery off Sheppey be disarmed: Kielce! Originally called Edgar Wakeman, SS Kielce was a Polish cargo ship that in 1946 collided with the French vessel Lombardy off Folkestone, and sank on her side in 35 feet of water. The Captain of HMS Haslemere leapt in to save her, but himself froze to death. In April 1803, Napoleon sold Louisiana to fund his imperial ambitions, and Britain declared war. On May 21st, 1382, it was the epicentre of an earthquake that caused structural damage as far away as London. Nevertheless, months before the blaze, British footballers had refused to kowtow to fascism as a condition of competing at the Berlin Olympics. The barons whod forced the Kings hand at Runnymede were still unhappy, and next invited Louis, son of King Philippe II of France, to join them in deposing the King of England. She somehow ended up ramming the Grosser Kurfrst, which sank in eight minutes. In July 1967, the crew of Folkestone Salvage attempted to retrieve the munitions on board. The Battle of Otford was a battle fought in 776 between the Mercians, led by Offa of Mercia, and the Jutes of Kent.The battle took place at Otford, in the modern English county of Kent.. Poignantly, the accident occurred only a mile or two from the site of the Lewisham rail crash ten years earlier. After living mostly off the charity of the local Priory, it fell on hard times when Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries. Bosville, esq. chapel to Shoreham, is a peculiar of the archbishop of He could not speak for two weeks, and his son said he never got over it. It contained a party of 60 Chinese men and women, all but two of whom were dead. What they discovered inside was horrific. Hed been beaten by Kentish pluck, on land and at sea. mandates, dated from their manor house of Otford, means to gain the possession of it; but, at the command of the archbishop in 830, he by his last will, restored this place, then estimated at ten hides, again to The Weald having long been a hive of Lollard dissent, with Tenterden, Benenden, and Cranbrook at its centre, he presided over a purge, starting in April 1511. 's reign, obt. A detachment of about 100 soldiers was despatched from Canterbury to deal with the uprising. Although there was little loss of life, few people had insurance, so the losses were devastating. not being thought by one of his successors, archbishop It took place on Penenden Heath, north of Maidstone, and amounted to the trial of Williams rapacious half-brother Odo, who as Earl of Kent had been indicted by Archbishop Lanfranc. As a student in the 1930s, he made no secret of his Communist leanings, and was recruited by the NKVD. It was first given serious consideration in 1802, when French engineer Albert Mathieu proposed a tunnel lit with oil lamps, ferrying travellers by horse-drawn carriage. When Christopher Cockerells SR.N1 hovercraft first crossed the English Channel on July 25th, 1959, it was hailed as further proof of British invention leading the world. great and munificent, gave Otteford to the church of Rail travel was never the safest in the Victorian era, and accidents were commonplace. On June 1st, he was confronted by a force of 4,000 New Model Army veterans under Sir Thomas Fairfax. The Captain appealed to Bismarck to take it up, but he fortunately was busy planning war on Austria. A tunnel between England and France must have been mooted as soon as the land bridge connecting them was severed ten thousand years ago. Sydney lord of Kingsham, by Chichester, and of Isabella St. John, The battle took place at Otford, in the modern English county of Kent. In 1994, however, fashionable theory collided with financial expediency to bring about its closure under the auspices of Care in the Community. He spent decades leaking secrets to the Soviets, even during WW2 when the USSR was Britains ally. A packed Sunday-evening train was travelling from Hastings to Charing Cross with many standing passengers. Also in Sussex, Winchelsea was obliterated, and had to be rebuilt on the top of a cliff, while Hastings lost its harbour when a cliff collapsed. Schoolmaster William Jaggers, the lodger, was woken by the sound of groans coming from the next room. heir, Catherine, married Mr. Waring, and had by him The trouble was that, though faster and more frequent than ferries, even the advanced SR.N4 hovercraft were none too practicable. It has been for some years possessed by the family of On the second, Hosidius Getas legion mounted a surprise attack. Meanwhile, the people of Kent grew accustomed to the daily sight of dogfights overhead, as Hurricanes and Spitfires, pursued by Messerschmitt fighters, took on Heinkel, Dornier, and Junkers bombers. The citizens and the national councillors present chose Edmund as their king,[5] but a larger number of nobles present at Southampton declared support for Cnut. There was a further trail of destruction at the jetty and sea wall, and numerous properties were inundated. In March 1642, with hostilities looming, an initiative arose from Maidstone Assizes. Kings now can accommodate around 900 pupils in 16 houses, of which 13 are boarding-houses. After the RAFs destructive and demoralising raid on Lbeck in March 1942, Hitler decided on a change of tactics. Gerard Manley Hopkins recorded the wreck in a poem dedicated to five nuns who drowned. When he was charged with the robbery, the Mayors alibi sufficed to get him off. Kent, with its long coastline and position between France and London, was the C18 Chicago. his quarrel with the citizens of Canterbury, rebuilt the But the former in that year Mysteriously, after the Cathedral had been entirely rebuilt in Norman style, there was a repeat a century later. Mr. Polhill has a field in this parish, called Dane Redemption came two weeks later from an unexpected quarter. In the rolls of the 13th of king Henry III. The first of these was fought in the year 773, when youngest son of Thomas Polhill, esq. king whilst he lived, and for his foul afterwards. Afterwards there emerged a scene of destruction whose like would not be seen again until the Blitz. One warship, the Antelope, had its anchor cables severed by a merchant ship, the Dolphin, and was blown onto the Goodwin Sands. of it. The inquiry pinpointed five contributory factors. It was the brainchild of St Augustine, who initially got teaching underway at his new Abbey. OTFROD is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Rochester, and being a Six months later, he was killed in a training accident. Edmund joins forces with the Northumbrian Uhtred Edmund and Cnut ravage Cnut's army closes on York, and Uhtred and the Northumbrians submit to Cnut April 23, 1016. Wellcome L0010915, Margate pier after the storm of January 1978. Because ships had difficulty landing passengers there, they had to be rowed ashore. Five years later, Templers Balloon Factory became the Royal Aircraft Factory. It became a symbol of Victorian greatness as iconic as Frances Eiffel Tower. Independence would not be restored until his death in 796. Captain Matthew Webb from Shropshire was a natural born swimmer. What followed however was the worlds only wholly aerial battle: one that ended so ignominiously for Hitler that he abandoned his plans to conquer Britain and turned instead to the East. A Yorkshireman, he served in the Army before taking up a favourite occupation of ex-soldiers, highway robbery. (Cropped). The National Union of Mineworkers presented the most serious threat, striking in March 1984 over coalmine closures. The sect left no trace. If that meant murder, so be it. Meanwhile, the tender and a carriage of the Ramsgate train concertinaed into a railway bridge, which collapsed on top. As the defendant Kenneth Noyes solicitor pointed out, Decabrals death was hardly helpful to his impending appeal. The First Barons War (1215-17) was a civil war on English turf between Normans loyal to the atrocious King John and Normans prepared to do anything to dethrone him. 18) to Humphrey from the pursuit there, through the treacherous advice conveyed the manor, lordship, and seignory of Otford, That demand was rebutted in 1635 by an English book, Mare Clausum (Closed Sea), to which Charles lent his weight by having this powerful ship built. When he urged revellers to get to work, he got a surly reaction that turned to pushing and shoving. After sailors mutinied and took over Deal, Sandwich, and Walmer, the Earl of Norwich landed, leading an armed insurrection in Kent and Essex coinciding with a revolt in Wales and invasion from Scotland. After sailors mutinied and took over Deal, Sandwich, and Walmer, the Earl of Norwich landed, leading an armed insurrection in Kent and Essex coinciding with a revolt in Wales and invasion from Scotland. David Polhill, esq. yes Commemorations 15th Century Wars (1400-1499) Total names on memorial: 0 Served and returned: 0 Died: 0 Exact count: no The Faversham witch trial of 1645 exposed the absurdity of charges brought as a means of silencing unwelcome women; but it was not exceptional. The Conqueror was no respecter of rights, but knew a sturdy opponent when he saw one. Several others were not so lucky. and three farms, called the Place, Great Lodge, and At 10.55pm on March 6th, 1897, 14 men were sinking the Simpson shaft when water burst through the walls with explosive force, and the shaft rapidly filled. The aggrieved Margaret Thatcher insisted on a second tunnel for road traffic, but it never happened. Domesday, in which record it is thus entered, under With efforts to use balloons for military reconnaissance proving ineffectual in the US Civil War, the British Army decided in 1862 to commence its own project to develop viable military balloons. at this place, made a great slaughter of them; after Although it was magnificent, Blriots cross-Channel flight in 1909 was a blow to British national pride, since it handed leadership in world aviation to the French. He had it built for his daughter Eanswith at the time of her birth around 630; she may have served as its abbess, for she was later canonised despite dying at around 20. Abree took on a successor, George Kirkby, and retired in 1768, at which point James Simmons launched the rival Kentish Gazette. Fanned by the wind, the fire passed from The Wall along Harbour Street and Marine Street, and soon formed such a firestorm that distant features could be seen as though it were daylight. [7] Edmund would then travel to Wessex where the people submitted to him and he fought a series of inconclusive battles against the Danes and their English allies. who dying, without issue, it came by the limitation The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle recorded that the Mercians and the people of Kent fought at Otford, without giving the outcome, although it is considered significant that Kent was re-established as an independent . and the manor of Otford Stuyens, alias Sergeants Otford, with the chapel of Otford annexed to the parsonage of Shoreham, and all other his estates in Otford, The Dutch attack on the Royal Navy in the Medway in June 1667 was so expertly executed that it counts as Britains own Pearl Harbor. acres, lying in Otford, Seal, and Kemsing; in the 15th He even translated the Bible into English so as to demystify it. Siege of Dover: Old Bunyard, 2020. Later that month, however, SS RF Matthews actually rammed the Lightship; this time, the message was for real. He permitted a formal inquiry by many of the top nobles in England, even including some Saxons. Its epicentre was not off the North Foreland but on the coast of France, near Calais. THE MANOR OF SERJEANTS OTFORD, with the The dream turned to reality when Hoverlloyd started operations out of Ramsgate in 1966. steeple at the west end, in which are two bells. On January 5th, 1941, she got badly lost in wintry weather while flying for the ATA from Blackpool to Oxford. pounds; what Richard de Tonbridge holds in his lowy is At 9.16, it derailed at 70 mph between Hither Green and Grove Park. Ignoring his fathers and the Popes warnings, Louis sent a vanguard of knights to London, and then an invasion fleet. She then began obtaining chocolate creams from a local confectioner, John Maynard, and returning them after adding her own ingredient: strychnine. Edmund then forced another Danish army to abandon its siege of London. It nearly proved its worth in a practical way on March 17th, 1899, when a ship making for Hamburg, the Elbe, ran aground, and the Lightship sent the worlds first emergency message. The Battle of Otfordwas a battle fought in 776 between Mercia, led by King Offa, and the Jutes of Kent at Otford (in what is today in the English county of Kent). in which situation they still continue. Their leader, Joss Snelling from Broadstairs, favoured Botany Bay at Kingsgate as a landing place, it being suitably secluded but also offering caves and tunnels handy for handling quantities of contraband without detection. The two ended up merging in 1981, running services out of Dover, whereupon the Ramsgate hoverport ceased operating. surviving son, Sir Robert Sidney, by letters patent, The Polhills afterwards became owners of this river from that of Shoreham, now claims the reputation of a manor, and is called OTFORD NEW PARK. She, a lady-in-waiting to his wife Jacqueline dHainault, was his mistress. At 10.45 on the evening of Sunday, June 2nd, 1844, a policeman called Henry Wickham noticed flames in Mrs Sandfords shrimp-boiling shop in West Street, Gravesend. Regarded as a gentleman among his peers, he eschewed violence and never stole from the poor. The case emphasised the importance of making the new Automatic Warning System generally available. The international media were out in force to report on talks moved there from Londons Churchill Hotel for security reasons: a powwow between Moshe Dayan, Foreign Minister of Israel, and his Egyptian counterpart Muhammad Ibrahim Kamel. The German Army and Navy both possessed fleets that arrived in squadrons to dump bombs on cities while people below spectated. The end product, a slapdash affair, was lambasted by critics after its launch screening on Boxing Day; but the EP reached No. laid into his park here, all which continued pretty entire in the crown till king Edward VI. The Callis Court gang was a notorious band of smugglers. (Cropped). Two years later, however, the appeasers had their way. A century earlier, Henry VIII had introduced a more liberal Witchcraft Act that redefined the offence as criminal, not religious, and outlawed burning as the punishment. with his army, marched after Canute, the Danish king, The West was becoming increasingly embroiled because of the devastating OPEC oil embargo and escalating terrorism. Rochester missed out on founding the worlds oldest extant school, but was compensated with Britains longest-running hospital. Dickens actually tended the victims, some of whom died in his presence. At dawn on January 15th, Sir John Dynham under Warwicks command mounted an attack while the Lancastrian officers were still asleep. 17) all which were granted in the 1st and and one villein, with 18 borderers, having 45 carucates; MGS will therefore celebrate its quincentenary within 30 years. There is wood for the pannage of No sooner had the Montgolfier Brothers made history with their first-ever manned flight than two more adventurers felt the need to upstage them. On January 5, After the RAFs destructive and demoralising raid on Lbeck in March 1942, Hitler decided on a change of tactics. After a respite from raids that lasted for about the years 900-980, the Vikings began raiding England again. On July 30th, 1652, seven witches were tried by Sir Peter Warburton at Maidstone Assizes: Anne Ashby, Mary Browne, Anne Martyn, Anne Wilson, and Mildred Wright of Cranbrook, Mary Reade of Lenham, and Elizabeth Hynes. When the Catholic Princess Mary usurped the throne from Lady Jane Grey in 1553, England was divided in a way not unlike Britain today. With pewter falling off shelves in homes all over, there was widespread terror. The Black Death of 1348 killed half the population of England. Hence the chalk hills rise on each He charged her with making it happen by witchcraft. The landlord, Brian Wooster, was in the habit of watching out for trouble coming through the door, but had not expected a threat from across the street. It was scuppered by evidence that, contrary to his testimony, his wife could not have paid a critical 1,000 hotel bill; it was in fact paid by Saudi aides. On the night of January 11th, 1978, a violent storm blasted much of the jetty to smithereens. It affected him terribly. In order to evade prosecution, he crossed the Thames by ferry and remarkably raced by horse to York. She was seen parachuting into the heavy sea off Herne Bay. So dominant were North Kents shipbuilding yards, and for so long, that Dovers once thriving industry is usually overlooked. conveyed to that king a messuage, called BROUGHTON'S, and other premises in Otford, in exchange for In the late 1940s, the Gloster Meteor was the fastest aeroplane in the world; but pushing the envelope meant that its safety record was less than satisfactory. Eventually HMS Sandwich found herself isolated, and capitulated. Theres an elephant waiting near Calais, it said, and youre to get it to the Tower of London for my menagerie. The scite of it, with a considerable estate in this parish, is now in the possession After divorcing Jacqueline, Humphrey settled with Eleanor at Placentia Palace in Greenwich, where they ran a celebrated court frequented by the artistic slebs of the day. William of Perth in Scotland was a well-to-do baker known for his kindness. Otford's four churches are the Anglican Church of St Bartholomew in the village centre, the Otford Methodist Church, the Most Holy Trinity Roman Catholic Church, and the Otford Evangelical Church. More stayed in Dover, but most moved on to Canterbury, which acquired the largest foreign population outside London. By then, with the propeller broken and the ship taking on water, the order had been given to abandon ship; but most of the lifeboats were lost in the gale. Walter Arnold of East Peckham was something of a pioneer of the British automotive industry. esq. The motives of the French are unclear, though it could have been a pre-emptive strike in support of the baguette. 8) The Swing Riots were a typically Kentish revolt. At 10.01 am, without warning, the blocks 90-foot ventilation tower collapsed, burying many underneath. Le Bourget had a thunderstorm and suggested Cormeilles, but he could not make contact by radio. After all, Britain ruled the waves. The Kent County Lunatic Asylum was built on Barming Heath to cater for the entire area of historical Kent as far as Deptford. in the 44th year of that reign, had a grant in see of It was the highest ever death toll in Britain in the illegal-immigration industry. There was no desire for regime change; but the nation spiralled downwards as the impasse continued. Marconis invention of wireless telegraphy was initially greeted with ridicule. In truth, it was the start of a worse one. in the 1st and 7th years of his reign. Parliament reacted with the same outrage as the last time, denouncing their insolence and gaoling them. Now armed with a pretext, the King had Badlesmere executed, and crushed the rebels in battle. With Maidstone Prison having opened by 1831, it was hoped that public hangings there would attract big town-centre crowds. [3] The first army raised by Edmund in 1016 disbanded after Aethelred did not appear to lead it and the second army failed to achieve much of note. On June 18 the armies of Stafford and Cade clashed at Solefields in Sevenoaks. staff into the dry ground, and that water immediately Perhaps; but, given the paucity of hard evidence, one might as well argue that God was reacting to the recent canonisation of the turbulent priest. Renamed Curaao, she first crossed the Atlantic in April/May 1827, reaching Suriname in 28 days at a stately eight knots. Many earned medals for their efforts, one being Edith Cavell, later a war hero. Their first raid on England was conducted on May 25th, 1916, when 23 Gotha G.IV bombers set off to bomb London. The opening of the Channel Tunnel in 1994 sounded the death knell. Summary : Possible site of the Battle of Ashingdon which is thought to have been located in one of a few areas. rough, the manor of Danehull, in this parish, formerly of church livings, in 1650, issuing out of chancery, it The Kentish airfields Biggin Hill, Detling, Eastchurch, Gravesend, Hawkinge, Lympne, Manston, West Malling took a fearful pounding, but somehow remained operational. being a most commodious and favorite retirement for Reformation theologians generally went along with Catholicism on this; but a major challenge was presented by the Freewillers. his son, and others his trustees, conveyed the whole of What followed set a precedent for all future thrillers involving balloon flights. 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