in 6-11-63 raid on Seneca Mills, Md. one artillery company, comprising about 400 men. As the Mosby tactics became better known, scouting parties from the Northern army began to develop an affection for the pistol, with increasing success I might add. We had no reason to use a blue uniform as a disguise, for there was no occasion to do so. The first uniforms Mosby's Rangers were issued were made of coarse cloth sewn in prison. This also led to the recruitment of irregular soldiers into the Confederate army. Albumen silver print photograph by David Bendann. Gen. J.E.B. He was wounded twice in battle but was able to return to duty quickly each time. for the war and elected 2nd Lt., Co. A by John S. Mosby at Rector's X-Roads, Fauquier Co. Inv. He had an exceptionally large number of devoted friends and admirers. But the enemy came up in time to make it hot for our rear guard. This continued until late in November 1864 when Mosby wrote to General Philip Sheridan and requested that both sides return to treating prisoners of war more humanely. My poor motherJesus have mercy on her soul! Upon seeing Atkins body, Mosby reportedly said, There lies a man I would not have given for a whole regiment of Yankees.. The 43rd Battalion was formed on June 10, 1863 at Rector's Cross Roads, near The only difference is in the danger Mosby felt that "a small force moving with celerity and threatening many points on a line can neutralize a hundred times its own number. (Jeb) Stuart, then the cavalry commander of the Confederate army that soon became the Army of Northern Virginia. According to James J. Williamsons Mosbys Rangers: A Record of the Operations of the Forty-third Battalion of Virginia Cavalry, From Its Organization to the Surrender: We then pushed on up the river to reach the ford at Nolands Ferry [sic] before another detachment of Yankees, who were coming down the river, should get there. cf. Captured on January 4, 1865, along withJames Heiskell, and sent to Fort Warren. This time, Cab angered Mosby. Grant in his memoirs wrote about Mosby after the war and came away with a different perspective. A cursory review of unit rosters from both sides during the war reveals many family connections. They also performed raids in Maryland.[6]. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House to Sillman, John A. The battalion was formed in June, 1863, with five companies, later increased to eight. Because he somehow blamed George Custer for the Front Royal affair, Mosby wanted most of the condemned Federals to have served under Custer. On the other hand, Mosby's guerrilla operations were not highly regarded even within the Confederate Army. He agreed with Napoleon, that boys make the best soldiers . Lawyer. Mosby's area of operations was Northern Virginia from the Shenandoah Valley to the west, along the Potomac River to Alexandria to the east, bounded on the south by the Rappahannock River, with most of his operations centered in or near Fauquier and Loudoun counties, in an area known as "Mosby's Confederacy". He also said that after he got to the burning cars he made up for lost time. Paroledin Winchester, Va., on April 22, 1865. This story appeared inthe July 2020 issue of Americas Civil War. With a special aptitude for finding forage for the horses in Mosbys command, Hibbs became the Rangers informal quartermaster. He was also known as chief of the corn detail. It was not an exciting duty nor a particularly prestigious title, but he ensured that the mounts in the command, so essential to its mobility and success, were well fed and healthy. Within a few years, Hoskins left the Army. permission to raise a company in January 1863 under the Partisan Ranger Act of 8. As John Henry Alexander noted in Mosbys Men: Pray dont make the mistake of assigning William Hibbs among the non-combatants. Though his title was merely in courtesy of his quasi office of quartermaster, no braver man followed Mosby. In 1899, he was appointed general of the army. JOSHUA WARFIELD RIGGS,Private, Company D. Served in the 1st Virginia Cavalry andthe 1st Maryland Cavalry prior to joiningMosby. In 1862, still not comfortable remaining in one place for too long, Hoskins left Canada for the United States and settled in Baltimore, Md. Noted Come along, Major! The Yankees at once transferred their shower baths from Cab to the Major, who showed his appreciation of the formers self-sacrifice by spluttering out to him that he was respectful all at once.. "[29], The military effectiveness of Mosby's command, Engraving reproduced from frontispiece, Major John Scott, Partisan Life with Col. John S. Mosby, 1867. A guard pulled his revolver, but Charles Dear beat his draw. In1904, he was recorded residing at theMaryland Line Confederate SoldiersHome in Baltimore. Co. VA Muster Rolls p. 28, as list appeared, [15], For instance, describing the fight at Miskel's barn, Munson says of William H. Chapman (later lieutenant colonel of Mosby's command) wheeling his horse in a thicket of Yankees "[t]he pistols were not a foot apart. Mosby disbanded the 43rd at Salem on April 21,1865 [1] Attended the Universityof Virginia prior to the war. In stubborn fights I have seen the men on both sides sit on their restless horses and re-load their pistols under a galling fire. MOSBY'S RANGERSMOSBY'S RANGERS. P.O. Another Ranger, Englishman Bradford Smith Hoskins, was not as lucky. Small, harassing raids continued in the Valley until October 14th when Mosby and approximately eighty rangers conducted the Greenback Raid near Duffields Station, about seven miles west of Harpers Ferry. After seeing limited action at First Manassas, however, Mosby was promoted to first lieutenant in the 1st Virginia Cavalry regiment. On April 21, 1865, Mosby disbanded rather than surrender the 43rd Battalion, Virginia Cavalry in Salem, Va. (today Marshall). The rangers fired two cannon rounds, then charged into the unsuspecting Federal troops. At wars end, when General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox, Mosbys men never surrendered, they disbanded and returned to their farms. Rhodes, Henry (killed) Hoskins died on June 2, 1863, and was buried in the Greenwich Presbyterian Churchs cemetery. The rangers seized over 200 Federal soldiers, 500 horses and mules, 200 cattle, and about 100 wagons. 2023 The SOFREP Media Group. Major General Winfield S. Hancock in Millwood, Virginia. From this modest beginning whould grow on of the best know of all ranger commands. Mosby supported Grant, his former foe, in the presidential election and was his campaign manager in the state of Virginia. After his first fight with the Rangers, Massow was upset, according to a fellow Ranger, that he had not been woundedhe apparently hoped to return to Prussia with a wartime memento. . As troopers of Custers 5th Michigan Cavalry regiment began to torch the house on August 19th, three companies of Mosbys Rangers under Captain William Chapman attacked, Wipe them from the face of the earth! As the fiery Covenanter rode on his predestined course the enemys ranks withered wherever he went. It was no uncommon thing for one of our men to gallop by a tree at full tilt, and put three bullets in its trunk in succession. The members of the battalion were referred to as soldiers, partisans, rangers, and guerillas. As you succeed in your operations, your notoriety grows and the Union devotes additional troops to stopping you. With the Valley relatively secure, but infuriated by Mosbys raids, Sheridan unleashed his cavalry to wipe out the rangers east of the Blue Ridge. He wasconnected with the wholesale drug firmof James Bailey & Son in Baltimore afterthe war. On May 30, 1863, the Rangers derailed and attacked a train near Catletts Station, Va. Two Rangers went inside. Served during the war in the21st Virginia Infantry, 1st MarylandInfantry, and 1st Virginia Cavalry priorto joining Mosby in December 1863. Only three men in the Confederate army knew what I was doing or intended to do; they were Lee and Stuart and myself. Mosbys Rangers and McNeills Rangers. Instead, they each carried two .44 caliber revolvers and many of his troops carried two more, one each stuffed in a boot top. The battalion was formed in June, 1863, with five companies, later increased to eight. He survived, however, living until 1929. By June of 1862, Mosby was scouting for J.E.B. Louisa,known as Luly, is remembered forher book A Southern Girl in 61: TheWar-Time Memories of a ConfederateSenators Daughter. In a 1907 letter he wrote: I am not ashamed of having fought on the side of slaverya soldier fights for his countryright or wronghe is not responsible for the political merits of the course he fights in and he added,The South was my country.. I crossed over with the prisoners among the first. Mosby, it was reported, woke Stoughton with a spank on his bare back. The general was outraged and demanded to know what the meaning of this was. He was acting under the authority of General Robert E. Lee, who had granted him permission to raise a company in January 1863 under the Partisan Ranger Act of 1862 in which the Confederate Congress authorized the formation of such units. HIBBS. Post War: Mosby was only 31 when the war ended, but was constantly harassed by occupying Union troops. This sort of shooting left the enemy with a good many empty saddles after an engagement. The roster of the 43rd Virginia Cavalry Battalion, better known as Mosby's Rangers, eventually over the course of the last two years of the war contained over 1900 men, although at no time were there more than a fraction available for action. Mosbys men dismissed the use of sabers, thinking them too limiting in combat. The Yankee's pistol snapped [misfired] but Chapman's did its deadly work. Mosby twice offered his services to Early with little response. During the Civil War, "Mosby's Confederacy" encompassed 1,800 square miles, including today's Fauquier, Loudon, Clarke, Warren, and Prince William counties. Scott refers to "Captain Mountjoy", but most references spell it "Montjoy". Fish, Charles Feb 20, 2013 #18 Thanks for Posting! McDonald, Samuel He died September 9, 1917. Stuart, Massow joined Mosby. I never knew, nor did I ever hear, of any man in our Command wearing a blue uniform under any circumstances . On Jan. 26 1863 to conduct a raid on Federal picket line. Box 378 Red Hook, New York 12571 United States. One of Mosby's men, Munson stated in memoirs published after the war that "the term [guerrilla] was not applied to us in the South in any general way until after the war, when we had made the name glorious, and in time we became as indifferent to it as the whole South to the word Rebel. In a fight near Front Royal, Virginia, on September 22nd, rangers under Captain Sam Chapman mistakenly attacked a larger force of Federal cavalry escorting an ambulance convoy. The Union viewed them as unsoldierly: a loose band of roving thieves. But he often related the circumstance after the war. I disband your organization in preference to surrendering it to our enemies. By February of 1864 under pressure from General Lee and other senior officers, the Partisan Ranger Act was repealed and all but two guerrilla groups were disbanded. Known as the Gray Ghost, Confederate Colonel John S. Mosby, along with his partisan rangers, terrorized Federal units in northern Virginia from late 1862 until the end of the Civil War in 1865. They are a terror to the citizens and an injury to the cause [because], General Lee sent the letter on to the Confederate War Department with an endorsement recommending "the law authorizing these partisan corps be abolished." Once the immediate danger posed by the Union response had decreased slightly, Mosby stopped his men near Grapewood Farm (near todays Vint Hill Farms area in Warrenton). Uncle offuture Princeton football hero JohnPrentiss Poe Jr. Died October 11, 1891, in New York. I immediately gave orders to mount quickly and form, and one was sent to find out if the report was true. The Scouts never fought Mosby again. . The Partisan Ranger Act drew many Southern men who were interested by this opportunity. By the summer of 1864, Mosby and his men were disrupting the advance of the United States Army of the Shenandoah into Virginias Shenandoah Valley. In recognition of his service, Hoskins was awarded the Crimea War Medal with clasps for Alma, Inkermann, and Sebastapol. He was so valuable to the Confederacy that many Union officers tried and failed to capture him (he, however, captured Union General Edwin Stoughton). Sheridan also acquired the scouting and counterguerrilla services of the 100-man Blazers Scouts under the command of Captain Richard Blazer. He died January 10, 1898. [11], Munson's denial of the use of Union blue is contradicted by another source however. According to the memoirs of former partisan Munson, Mosby welcomed volunteers attracted by the glory of the fight and the allure of booty, and had an eye for intelligence, valor, resourcefulness, but "what Mosby liked best was youth. The 43rd Battalion were partisans who melted into the civilian population when not on a raid, and at one point General Grant ordered several captured partisans hanged for being out of uniform. Worked for several years as theclerk of the Court of Common Pleas inBaltimore, and as a U.S. Army paymasterin 1888. "The rangers had some of the best horses in a region known for raising great horses. More impressive, roughly 2,000 men would ride in some capacity with Mosby at one time or another during the war. The Rangers fell upon and routed an unsuspecting company of White's cavalry at Catoctin Mountain near Morven Park on September 13, 1863, and were ambushed in turn by a detachment of Mosby's men under Captain Dolly . Robert later became Maj. Gen. Arnold Elzeys aide-de-camp before returning to Ireland in 1864. A lieutenant in the Prussian army, he had come in search of adventure with Confederate forces. Attended College ofWilliam & Mary in 1860-61. HistoryNet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 25,000 articles originally published in our nine magazines. The reorganization of the Confederate Artillery in 1862 caused the official disbanding of their unit on October 4 and the reassignment of the brothers to recruiting officer duty in Virginias Fauquier County. DANIEL GIRAUD WRIGHT,Private, Company D. Born in Rio de Janeiro and attendedthe University of Virginia from 1857to 1861. Mosby's Rangers Are Born: Mosby created his force under the auspices of the Partisan Ranger Act of 1862 which sought to recruit irregulars for service into the Confederate States Army during the . The Partisan Ranger Act resulted in many Southerners believing that any of form of guerrilla warfare was now being approved. The furious Federals wanted to take revenge against the six captured rangers; permission was granted, probably by Federal cavalry corps commander, Maj. Gen. Alfred Torbert. Not only him but his wife and family as well. Southerners, however, viewed this as a betrayal to their cause, and Mosby was shunned by the people who formerly revered him. It's been 150 years since Mosby formed the 43rd Battalion Virginia Cavalry, more popularly known as "Mosby's Rangers," but there are still many ways to explore Mosby's story. This temporary, and informal, command would evolve into the 43rd Battalion, Virginia Cavalryknown better as Mosbys Rangers. Henry's parents, Miletus and Frances Harris, had moved to Scottsville from Louisa County about 1837. We did more than any other body of men to give the Colt pistol its great reputation, wrote Mosby. During the ensuing melee, Massow was riding down on the Union commander, Captain James Sewell Reed, with his saber poised for a lethal strike. Hibbs feats link him with another Ranger, Henry Cabell Maddux, born on July 17, 1848, and nicknamed Cab. On February 20, 1864, still just 15 years old, Maddux was leaving a boys academy in Upperville, Va., his school books in his hand, when a group of Union cavalrymen came galloping through town. In a bit of an interesting twist of fate, after the war, Mosby became a political ally and close confidant to President Ulysses S. Grant, his former enemy during the war and served as a consul to Hong Kong. Massow waved Reed to the rear to await his fate as a prisoner and then began to ride by Reed in search of another target. Later, an Englishman named Charles Green who lived nearby in the small town of Greenwich, Va., found Hoskins and took him to his home. But the War Department simply reduced the authorized partisan commands to two, Mosby's and John H. McNeill's. According to Chapmans obituary in the Greensboro (N.C.) Daily, published September 7, 1929: General [Winfield Scott] Hancock, to whom Colonel Chapman surrendered his command, was so impressed by the spirit of the young Confederate that he wrote in his report that in healing the wounds of war and reuniting the country This young man will be valuable to the government. The prophecy was fulfilled in a life of devotion to the interests of the south without bitterness toward his former foes. In his will, he donated to theLibrary of Congress a vast collection ofletters written by George Washington,Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, JamesMadison, and other notables in Americanhistory. Subscribe to receive our weekly newsletter with top stories from master historians. Sam was grievously wounded in the Grapewood Farm Fight in Auburn, Fauquier County, (where Hoskins had been mortally wounded) and paroled on the field by the victorious Union cavalry. . Mosby had agreed to a truce two days before, but not surrender. Released on June 15, 1865. One survivor lived to tell the gory tale. He was just in front of mehe was generally in front of everybody in a fightat the gate. He laid in state at the Fauquier County Courthouse in Warrenton, Virginia, and was buried in Warrenton Cemetery. "When I first saw this object in the mathematics collections in 2000, I was cataloguing protractors, devices for drawing Editor's note: Civil War technology is the topic of this weekend'ssymposium, and some of the sessions may surprise you, particularly African American History Curatorial Collective, 3 surprising facts about Civil War General William Tecumseh Sherman, The "Swamp Fox of Missouri" and his protractor. Once he was released, Mosby walked to the army headquarters outside Richmond and personally related his findings to Robert E. Lee. Mosby greatly respected Lee but had no desire to surrender. He wasknown to every man in the Command and to everybody in that country, as a fighter.. A New Jersey Yankee now living in the area of Virginia known as "Mosby's Confederacy" during the Civil War, curator Kathleen Golden shares what she finds so interesting about John S. Mosbythe ranger, fugitive, friend of President Ulysses S. Grant, diplomat, and inspiration for a 1950s television showon his 180th birthday. The two soldiers who were shot survived to tell the gory tale. CHARLES EDWARDGROGAN,1st Lieutenant, Company D. Author McHenry Howard referred toGrogan as having as little sense of fearand danger as any man he had everseen. Captured at Gettysburg whileserving on Maj. Gen. Isaac Trimblesstaff and sent to the Johnsons IslandPOW camp in Ohio. The second purpose was to promote the use of guerrilla warfare to help protect areas where there was little protection from the army. How long he had stood there in mute appeal for sympathy and relief, I do not know--perhaps all night. His breast and forelegs were covered with clotted blood which had flowed from an ugly bullet wound. The mens treatment of their horses and the sentiment they shared about their horses, not as animals but as members of the unit was legendary. partisan cavalry in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. During the Mount Zion Church fight on July 6, 1864, guerrilla John Alexander "noticed in one of the charges that his mount was unaccountable dull, and in spite of the most vigorous spurring fell into the wake of the pursuit." Date Released "[14] Union cavalry initially armed with the traditional sabre fought at a considerable disadvantage: The Federal cavalry generally fought with sabres; at any rate they carried them, and Mosby used to say they were as useless against a skillfully handled revolver as the wooden swords of harlequins. Enjoying the cavalry, but bored with his job as regimental adjutant, Mosby resigned and became attached to the staff of Brig. I visited some of these sites not long ago on a sunny Sunday afternoon. While recuperating, Sam fell in love with his future wife, Eliza Rebecca Miss Beck Elgin. Nofurther information available. mere boys, unmarried and hence without fear or anxiety for wives or children. This wool jacket and slouch hat both belonged to Mosby, who was wearing the hat when he was wounded by federal cavalry in December 1864. 2, Chapman. Washington, D.C. Email powered by MailChimp (Privacy Policy & Terms of Use). The partisan rangers job would gather intelligence and take supplies away from the Union army. By D.A. Reed, taking quick note of his predicament, threw up his arms to indicate his surrender. By November 1864, Mosby and his rangers were largely on their own in the Shenandoah Valley war. The struggle ebbed and waned, but sheer numbers on the Union part and dwindling ammunition on the Rangers part soon tilted the fight in favor of the Northerners. 10. Gen. Edwin H. Stoughton who was captured in bed. This was not a custom, however; someone generally ran to cover after the revolvers were emptied. Today, theMosby Heritage Area Associationruns tours and educational programs to educate folks about Mosby's Confederacy. Late in the month, with Stuarts blessing, Mosby gathered experienced horsemen from the Middleburg, VA area to form Mosbys Rangers. He moved to Washington, D.C., where he continued to practice law and also worked as a diplomat. A few rangers carried other weapons, but Mosby favored pistols, especially 1860 Colt Army revolvers, because they provided close-combat firepower without being cumbersome. Even at that supreme moment in my life, when I had just stood on the brink of ruin and had barely escaped, I could not restrain a propensity to laugh. John Singleton Mosby and some members of Mosby's Rangers, 43rd Virginia Cavalry Battalion. After the war, Sam was the chaplain of the African-American 4th Immune Regiment in Cuba during the Spanish-American War, became the superintendent of public schools in Virginias Allegheny County, and served as the deputy U.S. marshal for the Western District of Virginia in 1909. That day was the boys last at school, John Munson wrote in Reminiscences of a Mosby Guerrilla: [U]ntil the end of the war, he was one of the gamest and best soldiers Mosby had. Died May 30, 1916. During the Civil War Mosby's Rangers were an irregular body of Confederate troops under the command of Col. John S. Mosby. A constant irritant for Mosby over the past three months had been Blazers Scouts, the 100-man counterguerrilla force acquired by Sheridan in August. If he goes on as he has commenced since the slight bleeding the Yankees gave him, who can say that in time we will not be able to stop Mr. Trenholm's machine, and pay our army off in greenbacks. Hoskins was quite conspicuous during those engagements, clad in the scarlet uniform of his British Army days and wielding a saber. Stuarts cavalry has possession of the Court House; be quick and dress.. . Support Veteran Journalism . Even then, the 5-foot-5 Cab was heavyset. With robust designs and vintage classic style, discover the heritage of military timepieces today! But as I recalled how cruelly I had spurred him to the chase the evening before, how without a groan of protest he responded the best he could, and how patiently he had stood with me, all unconscious of his suffering, on that lonely, miserable watch, I was not ashamed to throw my arms around his neck and weep out of my grief and contrition. He was captured in April 1864 andspent the remainder of the war at Fort Warren. By 1890, he had the supreme command of the Prussian cavalry. 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